“Although there are biological reasons why that connection could be possible, the study does not prove that caffeine products cause these events, because other factors may have influenced the results found in this analysis. More research is needed to understand whether these stimulant products are truly responsible for the reported heart-related events.”

Gregory M. Marcus · said date not stated · reported 2026-11-02

Marcus cautioned that the study identifies associations but does not prove causation, and called for more research on whether stimulant products are responsible for reported heart events.