“Downslope of the fracture zone, an ~6-km2region of the ice surface had been scoured clean. Together, these observations indicate that a substantial volume of water broke up through the ice at this location and flooded across the surface.”

the study · said date not stated · reported 2025-07-31

The study explains that a scoured ice surface and fracture zone together indicate a substantial volume of water broke through the ice and flooded across the surface.