“But if we look at details inside, there are not only three quarks but also a lot of gluons interacting, connecting between those quarks, and there are also quarks and antiquarks that pop up from the vacuum, so it's actually a really complex object.”

Tommy Tsang · said date not stated · reported 2026-08-16

Tsang explains that real protons contain gluons and vacuum quark-antiquark pairs, making them complex objects.